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Very real challenge indeed. There is some promising research and several years of experience around using biological alternatives to fertilizers and pesticides that FAO and partners have developed, based on work in East Africa. Which may be an opportunity to turn a crisis into a sustainable future, as biological alternatives have very positive impact on the regeneration of soil, water runoff etc. and it seems can even yield similar results. For more check:

https://www.agroecology-pool.org/agroecology-dialogue-series/

https://www.agroecology-pool.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Input_Scarcity_Backgroud_paper_Final.pdf

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So frustrating to see global energy price spikes and other issues making life harder for farmers in Malawi and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

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