In Malawi and across Africa, misinformation spreads at the speed of a click, often overshadowing crucial public issues such as health, climate change, and electoral integrity. At AfricaBrief, we recognised the critical need to challenge these false narratives head-on. This imperative led to the establishment of our dedicated, data-driven verification unit: the AfricaBrief CheckDesk, writes Winston Mwale.

We are proud to highlight the immense progress achieved through our crucial partnership with Code for Africa (CfA), operating as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme.

Building the Engine Room: A Commitment to Verification

Our fact-checking journey officially began with a Memorandum of Understanding with Code for Africa, spanning six months from April 1, 2025, to September 30, 2025.

This collaboration, supported financially by Norway, aims to promote a culture of evidence-based reporting.

Key Facts about the AfricaBrief CheckDesk:

• Dedicated Staff: We are committed to establishing the CheckDesk with a minimum of two dedicated full-time staff members.

• Minimum Output: AfricaBrief agreed to research and publish a minimum of three data-driven fact-checks per month during the contract period, aiming for at least 15 verified reports by the end of September 2025.

• Expert Mentorship: CfA provides continuous mentorship and training. This support includes guidance from PesaCheck fact-checkers via the WhatsApp Tipline and assistance from iLAB’s forensic analysts through the ADDO Hotline for complex investigations.

• Infrastructure Support: CfA aids in implementing essential security and reporting tools, such as the encrypted leaking software AfriLEAKS and the document management tool sourceAFRICA.

• Editorial Autonomy: Critically, while we benefit from CfA’s expertise and support, editorial decision-making for all content remains solely with AfricaBrief.

Unprecedented Reach: The Impact of Fact-Checking

The articles produced by the AfricaBrief CheckDesk have demonstrated massive public engagement. Meltwater data, covering March 1 to July 15, 2025, showed a total reach of millions of impressions.

Significantly, the publication dates of our fact-check articles correlate precisely with sharp spikes in reach, frequently reaching millions of impressions.

Several high-impact fact-checks each produced an impressive reach burst of approximately 42–43 million impressions.

This data confirms that the public is actively seeking and engaging with credible information.

Facts in Action: Examples of CheckDesk Investigations

Our journalists have tackled high-stakes claims across climate, health, and politics, ensuring that dangerous myths and deliberate disinformation are debunked with clear evidence.

1. Countering Climate Misinformation and Protecting Vulnerable Communities

We deployed scientific verification to challenge dangerous superstitions:

• Can Humans “Plant” Cyclones on Mountains? (Victor Musongole): This investigation confirmed as False the claim that individuals can place devices on mountains to trigger cyclones. Scientific analysis confirms tropical cyclones form exclusively over warm ocean waters under specific temperature and atmospheric conditions.

• Debunking the Myth: Elderly Women in Malawi Not Responsible for Drought (Tionge Hara): We rated this claim, which led to violent accusations against elderly women in Mulanje, as False. The dry spell was due to natural climatic phenomena like El Niño, consistent with DCCMS forecasts.

• Cyclone Freddy Caused by Mythical Napolo Serpent? False (Ireen Kayira): We established as False the suggestion that Cyclone Freddy was caused by Napolo, a mythical snake, confirming that the cyclone resulted from natural atmospheric and oceanic conditions verified by the WMO and NOAA.

• No, Elderly Women Are Not Witches - Accusations Driven By Greed And Opportunism (Victor Musongole): We found these accusations to be Completely False and driven by criminal opportunism, with perpetrators using stereotypes to steal property like maize, livestock, and fertiliser from vulnerable women.

2. Challenging Health Myths and Gender Stereotypes

The CheckDesk has focused on claims that hinder public health access and perpetuate inequality:

• FACT-CHECK: Do Menstrual Hygiene Challenges Cause School Absenteeism Among Malawian Girls? YES!! (Tionge Hara): This claim was rated True. Evidence, including a 2024 study, shows that 70% of schoolgirls missed classes due to menstruation because of a lack of access to products and facilities.

• No, Family Planning Methods Do Not Cause Permanent Infertility In Women (Ireen Kayira): This persistent, harmful misconception was rated False. The WHO confirms modern contraceptives are reversible, and fertility returns after discontinuation, although injectable methods may cause a temporary delay.

• No, Fistula Is Not Caused By Witchcraft Or Women’s “Laziness” (Tionge Hara): The claim was rated False. Obstetric fistula is a preventable and treatable condition caused by “neglected, prolonged, obstructed labour,” not supernatural forces or moral failings, as explained by medical experts.

3. Protecting Electoral Integrity

Ahead of upcoming elections in September, the CheckDesk was crucial in debunking high-profile political falsehoods:

• MEC Received Letters from MCP to Change Candidates? No Evidence (Ireen Kayira): This claim was rated False and Misleading, as the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) categorically denied receiving any such communication from the Malawi Congress Party (MCP).

• No, UDF Has Not Entered Alliance With MCP (Ireen Kayira): We confirmed the press release claiming an alliance between the United Democratic Front (UDF) and the MCP was a complete fabrication using forged signatures.

Voices from the CheckDesk: The Journalists Who Lead the Fight

The success of the CheckDesk is a direct result of the dedication and skill enhancement of our journalists, who have benefited from CfA’s rigorous training and mentorship.

We asked two of our key contributors to reflect on their experience:

Tionge Hara emphasised the value of the personalised training: “My fact-checking journey was a valuable experience, made smoother by the support and training I received”

She noted that although it was her first time and she faced challenges, the guidance from her mentors made it an “engaging and rewarding process”

She gained hands-on experience in “sourcing information online and conducting interviews,” which she found “particularly enjoyable”

Tionge sees the project as a “significant learning opportunity” and plans to build on it in the future by sharing her knowledge through teaching, continuing to practice fact-checking, and “developing compelling fact-check stories that inform and engage audiences”

Victor Musongole highlighted the effectiveness of the structured mentorship: He viewed it as a “good project”, noting that the “properly planned schedule allowed us as participants to follow it easily with a chance to revisit where we failed to understand during the live session”.

He confirmed that the experience “shaped my skills on how to debunk different false narratives, which will help me going forward”.

For Victor, the project was an “eye opener”; he now knows “better ways on how to counter false or disinformation”.

Our Ongoing Commitment to Truth

AfricaBrief, in collaboration with Code for Africa and the African Fact-Checking Alliance, remains steadfastly committed to using data and rigorous verification to ensure that the public is armed with the truth.

By challenging myths about climate, health, and politics, we are helping Malawians make informed decisions that benefit their lives and communities.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/.

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A claim that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is not bad because greenhouses use carbon dioxide generators is FALSE.

A post on X (formerly Twitter) claimed that carbon dioxide (CO₂) is not bad for the planet because generators of the gas in greenhouses increase plant growth. The post references a 2013 article that has been widely shared.

A greenhouse is a physical structure which allows farmers to create a controlled environment to grow crops, where temperature, humidity, and moisture can be regulated. This, for instance, means that crops can be grown even in winter.

Supplementing and enriching CO₂ in greenhouses is a well-known technique, although its usefulness depends on the crop. The main benefit is that more CO₂ can increase photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn light and CO₂ into oxygen, energy and food.

There are different methods to boost CO₂ in a greenhouse (see table below), which includes direct injection of the gas, composting, and burning biogas. Depending on the crop, the increased CO₂ can lead to increased growth, increased nutrient production and increased mass of fruit and flowers.

The effectiveness of an increased CO₂ concentration depends on other factors as well, such as cost, temperature, light intensity and the growth stage of the crop. There are disadvantages to CO₂ supplementation including higher costs, potential toxicity, that young plants mostly respond to increases, and that conditions need to be optimal for it to work.

There are various CO₂ generators catared for use in greenhouses that are commercially available.

There is also a drive to increase the sustainability of greenhouses and CO₂ supplementation to combat climate change.

PesaCheck has previously addressed a similar claim, that the greening caused by increased atmospheric CO₂ proves it is not bad for the planet.

CO₂ in the atmosphere is governed by a natural system called the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by natural sources such as fires, volcanoes, respiration, and human processes like burning fossil fuels, and absorbed by carbon sinks like the ocean and plants for photosynthesis.

CO₂ in the atmosphere is measured in parts per million (ppm) and fluctuates over the course of the year due to seasons and temperature changes.

Human activities are putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than is removed by natural processes, increasing the greenhouse effect, where gases absorb heat and trap it in the atmosphere to increase the temperature.

CO₂’s greenhouse effect can be proven by relatively simple experiments using standard chemical apparatus.

The bond between the carbon dioxide and oxygen atoms can absorb photons (a unit of light energy), some of which are released back into space, and some bounce back to the Earth’s surface.

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When exposed to incoming infrared radiation, carbon dioxide molecules can vibrate and store energy, unlike oxygen and nitrogen, which constitute most of the atmosphere and lack this capability.

Molecules are constantly moving; carbon dioxide has more atoms, so it can vibrate in more ways, increasing its ability to capture infrared radiation.

Direct measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide began at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii in the United States in 1958. It has increased from 315.71ppm to 427.87ppm, according to the latest measurement.

Current atmospheric CO₂ is higher than any time in the previous 800,000 years. Pre-195 levels are estimated through ice core analysis and energy use data.

It is unequivocal that human greenhouse gas emissions have increased the temperature. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, carbon dioxide contributed 0.8 [0.5 to 1.2]°C to 2010–2019 warming relative to 1850–1900.

This view is shared by nearly all published research on climate change and all of the world’s science academies.

PesaCheck has shown the negative consequences of global warming and climate change on crops and food production, extreme weather and drought, human health and the economies of poor nations, melting ice and rising sea levels, as well as disasters such as wildfires, hurricanes, floods, and heatwaves.

PesaCheck has examined a claim that CO₂ generators in greenhouses show the gas is not bad for the planet and finds it to be FALSE.

This post is part of an ongoing series of PesaCheck fact-checks examining content marked as potential misinformation on Facebook and other social media platforms.

By partnering with Facebook and similar social media platforms, third-party fact-checking organisations like PesaCheck are helping to sort fact from fiction. We do this by giving the public deeper insight and context to posts they see in their social media feeds.

Have you spotted what you think is fake or false information on Facebook? Here’s how you can report. And, here’s more information on PesaCheck’s methodology for fact-checking questionable content.

This fact-check was written by PesaCheck climate change fact-checker Christiaan van der Merwe and edited by PesaCheck senior copy editor Cédrick Irakoze.

The article was approved for publication by PesaCheck chief copy editor Stephen Ndegwa.

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A fabricated press release claiming the United Democratic Front (UDF) has entered into a political alliance with the ruling Malawi Congress Party (MCP) has been circulating on Facebook, misleading social media users ahead of upcoming elections, writes Ireen Kayira.

The alleged document, shared on 8 September 2024, purported to be an official UDF announcement stating the party had "entered into a political alliance with the Malawi Congress Party (MCP)" after "listening to the voices of our followers across the country who have demanded that UDF becomes part of the new revolution of progress and transformation."

The fake statement praised MCP's developmental achievements, including "construction of quality roads, stabilising foreign exchange and restoring confidence in our country," and promised the alliance would bring "greater opportunities for growth, prosperity and inclusivity."

But is this document authentic?

Fabricated document with forged signature

Investigation reveals the press release is entirely fabricated, according to UDF National Publicity Secretary Dyson Jangiya, whose name and signature were allegedly used without authorisation.

"It is fake, they faked this letter to be real with my signature, my name and my contact. This letter is something that I don't know, and it's a fabrication; even the contents of this letter are something I don't know," Jangiya confirmed when contacted for verification.

He emphasised the document represents "mere fabrication" and the party has no knowledge of who perpetrated what he described as a cybercrime.

Jangiya clarified that UDF does not use social media platforms to release official statements, making the Facebook circulation itself suspicious.

"Whenever the party has sent a press release, it is usually sent to the media houses, not social media. Whatever they see on social media is not true," he explained.

Timing raises additional concerns

The circulation of this false information comes as Malawi approaches crucial elections, raising concerns about deliberate misinformation campaigns designed to confuse voters.

"As the country is going into the elections next week, Tuesday, we hope that this conduct will not recur," Jangiya stated, expressing concern about the document's potential impact on electoral processes.

He condemned the practice of forging signatures and spreading false information, noting the difficulty in determining whether such actions stem from "personal enemies" or "party enemies."

Growing concerns about election-related misinformation

The incident highlights broader challenges with social media misinformation during election periods, when false claims can significantly impact voter perceptions and electoral outcomes.

Jangiya advised citizens to exercise caution when consuming social media content, particularly during election periods when misinformation typically increases.

"People should be cautious of social media because there are other people who are spreading false information. Fake news is bad," he warned.

Verdict

The claim that UDF has entered into a political alliance with MCP is False and Misleading.

The document circulating on social media is a complete fabrication that uses forged signatures and unauthorised representation of UDF officials.

No such alliance exists, and the party's official spokesperson has categorically denied the authenticity of the statement.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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As Malawi heads toward the 2025 tripartite elections, unverified reports about political parties and their candidates have been circulating online, writes Ireen Kayira.

One such post, dated 25 August, claimed that the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) spokesperson, Sangwani Mwafulirwa, confirmed that the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) had submitted a letter requesting to change its running mate, Vitumbiko Mumba.

The post also alleged that Times newspaper carried the story.

But is this true?

No Confirmation from MEC or Times

The post is misleading. There has been no official press release or public confirmation from MEC that such a letter was received.

Similarly, the Times never published the alleged story.

MEC spokesperson Sangwani Mwafulirwa dismissed the claim in an interview, clarifying:

“It came to our attention that there was a news article circulating, suggesting that the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) made an enquiry to the Commission and that the Times carried such a story. This is not true. Times did not carry that story, and MEC did not receive such communication from MCP.”

He added that this was a clear case of fake news:

“The Commission has not received any such enquiry from the MCP, and no such story was published by Times. The Commission would like to remind the public that spreading false information, particularly on sensitive matters relating to elections, undermines public confidence and trust in the electoral process.”

Electoral Law Context

According to Malawi’s electoral laws, political parties are only allowed to change a running mate under specific, limited conditions.

Such a move would normally require official acknowledgement by MEC.

As of now, there is no verifiable evidence that MEC has received any request from MCP to replace its running mate.

Encouraging Responsible Information Sharing

Mwafulirwa urged stakeholders and citizens to exercise caution when sharing information:

“Before forwarding or reposting any message, we kindly urge you to first verify the source. The Commission provides official information through press releases, media briefings, its website, and verified social media accounts. If in doubt, please reach out to the Commission for clarification.”

He stressed that protecting the integrity of Malawi’s electoral process depends on ensuring that only accurate and verified information is shared.

Verdict: Misleading

The claim that MEC confirmed receiving a letter from MCP to change its running mate is false and misleading. Times did not carry such a story, and MEC has categorically denied receiving any such communication.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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A claim has been circulating that people in rural Malawi have limited knowledge of contraceptives, writes Tionge Hara.

But how accurate is this statement?

What the Claim Says

The assertion is that rural communities in Malawi lack knowledge of contraceptives and family planning methods.

What We Found

Research shows that while awareness of contraceptives is relatively high, knowledge is often clouded by misinformation, cultural barriers, and misbeliefs.

The article Contraceptive Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes in Rural Malawi: Misinformation, Misbeliefs and Misperceptions says that, although many people in Malawi are aware of the various family planning options and know they are easily accessible at health facilities, their usage remains low due to widespread misinformation about the side effects of contraceptives.

A study published on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform found that people in rural Malawi often know about family planning methods, but widespread misconceptions persist.

These include beliefs that contraceptives cause infertility or lower a woman’s value in society.

In an interview, Sella Mphande, 42, from Nkhata Bay district, acknowledged some awareness but confirmed that myths remain strong:

“We are used to the myths that contraceptives are not good for a woman because they hinder her from giving birth. Others say a woman on contraceptives is not that good,” she said.

This aligns with other research, which highlights that despite existing awareness, misinformation, misbeliefs, and limited access to accurate health information restricts proper understanding of contraceptives.

Verdict: Partially True

The claim that rural Malawians have limited knowledge of contraceptives is partially true.

While awareness of family planning exists, misconceptions and cultural attitudes limit accurate understanding and affect contraceptive uptake.

Key Findings

• Awareness: Many in rural Malawi know about contraceptives.

• Misconceptions: Myths and misbeliefs are widespread.

• Barriers: Cultural norms and poor access to information reduce accurate knowledge.

• Education Needed: Addressing misinformation is crucial for improving family planning.

Conclusion

Efforts to promote reproductive health in Malawi must go beyond raising awareness.

They need to directly address misconceptions and cultural barriers. Providing clear, accurate, and culturally sensitive information will be key to bridging the knowledge gap in rural communities.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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A claim that humans are only responsible for 0.0012 per cent of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is FALSE.

This post on X (formerly Twitter) claimed that human contribution to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is only 0.0012 per cent, which proves that climate change is a “scam”. The claim has been frequently repeated.

PesaCheck has shown on numerous occasions how carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming and climate change. Humans are the primary drivers of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

But are humans only responsible for 0.0012 per cent of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is governed by the carbon cycle. It is released into the atmosphere by natural sources such as fires, volcanoes, respiration and human processes such as burning fossil fuels, and absorbed by carbon sinks like the ocean and plants for photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is measured in parts per million (ppm) and fluctuates over the course of the year due to seasons and temperature changes. Since direct measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide began in the 1950s, the gas has steadily increased, hitting record levels in 2025.

In July 2025, atmospheric carbon dioxide was measured at 427.87ppm.

Older figures are reconstructed using energy statistics data and ancient levels through analysis of air bubbles trapped in ice cores. Atmospheric carbon dioxide shows a distinct increase since the Industrial Revolution. Additionally, this increase clearly matches human emissions.

The Industrial Revolution roughly began in the 1760s in Great Britain, when humanity first started to employ large-scale machinery for manufacturing purposes. The era saw rapid technological development throughout the world until around 1830.

Looking back to the year 1000, atmospheric carbon dioxide remained steady at around 280 ppm until it began rising sharply with the onset of the Industrial Revolution.

So, comparing the Industrial Revolution’s atmospheric carbon dioxide (roughly 280ppm) to the latest figures (428ppm) would make humans responsible for around 148ppm, or 0.0148 per cent.

The actual figure is therefore 12 times more than the figure stated in the claim. As indicated earlier, the fact that this is a small part of the atmosphere is irrelevant; carbon dioxide from human action is still responsible for the bulk of observed warming.

PesaCheck has examined a claim that humans contribute 0.0012 per cent of atmospheric carbon dioxide and finds it to be FALSE.

This post is part of an ongoing series of PesaCheck fact-checks examining content marked as potential misinformation on Facebook and other social media platforms.

By partnering with Facebook and similar social media platforms, third-party fact-checking organisations like PesaCheck are helping to sort fact from fiction. We do this by giving the public deeper insight and context to posts they see in their social media feeds.

Have you spotted what you think is fake or false information on Facebook? Here’s how you can report. And, here’s more information on PesaCheck’s methodology for fact-checking questionable content.

This fact-check was written by PesaCheck climate change fact-checker Christiaan van der Merwe and edited by PesaCheck senior copy editor Mary Mutisya.

The article was approved for publication by PesaCheck chief copy editor, Stephen Ndegwa.

PesaCheck is East Africa’s first public finance fact-checking initiative. It was co-founded by Catherine Gicheru and Justin Arenstein, and is being incubated by the continent’s largest civic technology and data journalism accelerator: Code for Africa. It seeks to help the public separate fact from fiction in public pronouncements about the numbers that shape our world, with a special emphasis on pronouncements about public finances that shape government’s delivery of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) public services, such as healthcare, rural development and access to water / sanitation. PesaCheck also tests the accuracy of media reportage. To find out more about the project, visit pesacheck.org.

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As Malawi continues efforts to strengthen human rights and gender equality, the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) remains a persistent challenge, writes Tionge Hara.

Recently, claims have surfaced suggesting that Malawi has not yet eradicated gender-based violence.

But is this true?

The Reality

Evidence shows that gender-based violence remains widespread in Malawi. Many women and girls still experience physical, emotional, and sexual abuse.

Early and forced marriages, which are prevalent in rural areas, further exacerbate the problem by exposing young girls to lifelong cycles of violence and inequality.

Reports by the United Nations in Malawi note that while the government has taken steps to tackle GBV, the problem has not been eliminated.

Similarly, studies confirm that many cases go unreported due to stigma, lack of trust in institutions, or fear of retaliation.

The country does have laws and policies in place to protect women and girls, but implementation and enforcement remain inconsistent, weakening their effectiveness.

Why It Matters

Gender-based violence has far-reaching consequences for individuals, families, and communities. It leads to:

• Physical and emotional harm

• Lost opportunities in education and work

• Perpetuation of inequality

Ending GBV is not only a human rights issue but also a development priority.

What Needs to Happen

Experts and stakeholders suggest that Malawi must:

• Strengthen laws and policies protecting women and girls

• Improve enforcement and accountability by supporting survivors and holding perpetrators accountable

• Promote education and awareness to challenge harmful cultural practices and prevent violence

• Engage communities and leaders in grassroots efforts to end GBV

Verdict

✅ True – Malawi has not eradicated gender-based violence.

Despite notable efforts, GBV remains a serious and widespread challenge, with many cases going unreported and survivors lacking adequate support.

Eradication will require consistent enforcement of laws, cultural change, and community-driven initiatives to create a safer and more equitable society.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

Subscribe now

As Malawi prepares to head to the polls next month, political parties are back with promises and claims aimed at convincing voters.

On 3 August 2025, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) launched its manifesto in Blantyre, writes Victor Musongole.

During the rally, party leader Peter Mutharika claimed that when he left office in 2020, he left behind more than US$1 billion in foreign exchange reserves.

But does this claim stand up to scrutiny?

What We Know

Malawi’s economy is heavily dependent on tobacco for foreign exchange earnings and continues to face structural challenges, including heavy reliance on imports.

Reports at the time of Mutharika’s presidency contradict his claim.

On 20 February 2020, Capital FM reported acute shortages of foreign currency in Malawi.

Later, in September 2020, Nyasa Times highlighted forex shortages and a depreciating kwacha, shortly after the new government took over.

Data from TheGlobalEconomy.com paint a different picture.

• Source: Reserve Bank of Malawi

  Similarly, an IMF report (Malawi Economic Monitor, July 2023) showed that the country’s gross reserves remained below US$800 million through 2021.

Verdict

The claim by former president and DPP leader Peter Mutharika that he left over US$1 billion in reserves is not supported by available evidence.

The highest verified reserves Malawi has ever recorded stand at about US$924 million in January 2019. Since then, reserves have struggled to reach that level, with figures remaining under US$800 million into 2021.

Conclusion: There is no evidence that Malawi has ever had more than US$1 billion in reserves.

Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) July 2023 Report:

Malawi Economic Monitor (mem) July 2023

5.49MB ∙ PDF file

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*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

Subscribe now

A persistent belief that modern contraceptives cause permanent infertility when used before a woman's first pregnancy continues to circulate widely in Malawi, particularly on social media and in rural communities, writes Ireen Kayira.

This misconception is discouraging young women from accessing family planning services and contributing to high rates of unplanned pregnancies.

The claim suggests that women who use birth control methods before giving birth will never be able to conceive in the future, leading many to avoid contraceptives entirely during their reproductive years.

Recent discussions on platforms like Capital Radio FM have highlighted how widespread this belief remains, particularly in districts like Nsanje, where health workers report encountering significant resistance to family planning services among young women.

But is there any medical evidence to support this claim about permanent infertility?

Methodology

This fact-check investigated the claim by reviewing scientific evidence from credible global health sources, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), and examining peer-reviewed medical research on contraceptive effects on fertility.

We also conducted interviews with the Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM) and spoke with a woman who used birth control before giving birth to her first child.

What the evidence shows

According to the World Health Organization, family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine pregnancy spacing.

Crucially, modern contraceptive methods do not cause infertility, and fertility returns after discontinuing contraceptives.

The WHO explains that different methods have varying timelines for fertility return: barrier and natural methods allow immediate return of fertility, while most hormonal contraceptives restore fertility within three months.

Injectable contraceptives such as Depo-Provera can delay fertility for 7–10 months, but this delay is temporary and does not result in permanent infertility.

Medical research consistently supports these findings.

Studies published in PLOS One and summarized by Verywell Health confirm that modern contraceptives have no long-term effects on fertility once discontinued.

The Malawian context

Despite scientific evidence, fear of infertility remains a significant barrier to contraceptive use in Malawi.

A qualitative study conducted in Mangochi District found that although most people were aware of modern contraceptive methods, uptake was low due to persistent myths, including beliefs that family planning causes infertility, genital sores, impotence, and menstrual irregularities.

Similarly, research involving school-going adolescent girls with an average age of 16 years revealed that many participants lacked basic knowledge about their fertile periods and cited fears that contraceptives cause permanent barrenness.

Stigma, judgemental health workers, and lack of youth-friendly services were identified as additional barriers.

Expert perspectives

Vincent Sunday, Service Delivery Manager at the Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM), emphasises that there is no medical evidence linking contraceptives to infertility.

"Contraceptives do not cause infertility, as there is no medical evidence. Family planning helps women to space pregnancies, and studies indicate that family planning interventions do not negatively impact fertility," Sunday explained.

He noted that their organisation frequently encounters young women and adolescents who refuse contraceptives due to infertility fears, despite evidence showing that women who use contraceptives can still conceive after discontinuation.

"Adolescents and young women who use contraceptives still conceive later when they stop using them. The World Health Organisation confirms that delaying pregnancies in young girls, who are at increased risk of health problems from early childbearing, and preventing pregnancies among older women, who also face increased risks, are important health benefits of family planning," Sunday said.

He addressed common misconceptions, noting that some people believe family planning is only for married women or those who already have children, or that contraceptives protect against HIV and sexually transmitted infections.

Others fear that family planning causes reproductive health-related cancers, leading to infertility.

"Our key message to adolescents who fear that using family planning will stop them from having children in the future is that there is no medical evidence that modern contraceptives, whether short-term or long-acting, will stop them from conceiving later," Sunday emphasized.

Regarding injectable contraceptives, Sunday clarified that while they can sometimes delay fertility return, this doesn't constitute permanent infertility.

"It can take longer to get pregnant and ovulate, but the effects are reversible," he said.

Real causes of infertility

Sunday explained that infertility is a complex medical condition with causes unrelated to contraceptives. "Infertility can be caused by infections, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors, and it affects both males and females.

Medically, infertility may result from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affecting one or both partners, hormonal imbalances, or defects of the uterus in women. In men, it can result from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or malformed sperm."

He added that lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, obesity, and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to infertility, along with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and environmental stressors.

Personal testimony

Esther Chimpanjo, a 26-year-old woman from Mchinji District, provides compelling evidence against the infertility claim. Esther began using contraceptives at age 20 to complete her tailoring course and establish a business before starting a family.

"People in my village told me I would never have children if I started using family planning before giving birth. Some even warned me that I would bleed for months or that the medicine would spoil my womb. I was scared at first, but the nurse explained everything to me. She told me that contraceptives do not cause permanent infertility and that I would still be able to have children when I was ready," Esther recalled.

After using contraceptives for nearly three years, Esther decided to start a family and stopped the injections.

"It took me around six months for my monthly cycle to come back to normal, after that, I got pregnant within a few months. I gave birth to my first child last year," she said.

"I am living proof that these stories about infertility are not true. Family planning gave me the chance to prepare for motherhood at the right time, and I encourage other young women not to believe the myths," Esther concluded.

Side effects vs. infertility

While contraceptives can cause side effects, these should not be confused with permanent infertility.

Sunday noted that hormonal contraceptives may cause menstrual cycle changes, including prolonged bleeding, spotting, or absent periods, as well as increased blood clot risks, breast tenderness, mood changes, fatigue, headaches, and nausea.

"For non-hormonal methods like male and female condoms, there may be allergic reactions, irritation, or discomfort due to spermicides," he said.

However, these side effects are temporary and do not constitute infertility.

Verdict

FALSE: The claim that family planning methods used before giving birth cause permanent infertility is not supported by scientific or medical evidence.

Modern contraceptives are designed to be reversible, and fertility returns after discontinuation, except for permanent methods like sterilisation.

While myths and cultural misconceptions persist in Malawi, expert opinions, scientific studies, and authoritative health organisations confirm that this belief is unfounded.

The persistence of this misconception highlights the need for comprehensive reproductive health education and culturally sensitive family planning counseling to help women make informed decisions about their reproductive health.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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A document claiming to outline new policies and initiatives from Malawi's Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education has been circulating widely on social media platforms, with many users sharing and commenting on its purported contents as if they were official government policy, writes Tionge Hara.

The document, which has appeared across Facebook, WhatsApp groups, and other social media channels, presents what appears to be formatted government communication, complete with official-looking headers and policy language that has led many to believe it represents legitimate ministry announcements.

The widespread sharing of the document has generated significant discussion among parents, educators, and education stakeholders who are interpreting the contents as official government direction on education matters.

But is this document authentic, and does it actually represent official Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education policies?

Methodology

This fact-check investigated the authenticity of the circulating document by directly contacting the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education to verify its origin and contents.

We examined the document's formatting, language, and distribution channels and sought official confirmation from the ministry's designated spokesperson regarding the document's legitimacy.

What the Ministry says

The Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education has categorically denied the authenticity of the circulating document and confirmed it does not reflect any official Ministry policies or initiatives.

Christopher Banda, spokesperson for the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education, provided a clear statement regarding the document's status when contacted for verification.

"The Ministry does not endorse or recognise the document," Banda stated unequivocally.

"The document's contents are not reflective of the Ministry's policies or initiatives."

Banda emphasized that the ministry has not authorized the creation or distribution of the document in question, and that its contents should not be interpreted as representing official government education policy.

Official guidance

The Ministry spokesperson issued clear guidance for the public regarding how to handle the circulating document and similar situations in the future.

"The public is advised to disregard the document and seek information from official Ministry channels," Banda said, emphasizing the importance of verification before accepting documents as authentic government communications.

The ministry's position reflects growing concerns about misinformation and unauthorized documents circulating on social media platforms, particularly those that appear to carry official government authority but lack proper verification and authentication.

The misinformation challenge

The incident highlights broader challenges facing government institutions in the digital age, where unofficial documents can quickly gain traction on social media and be mistaken for legitimate government communications.

Social media platforms' rapid information-sharing capabilities mean that unauthorised documents can reach thousands of users within hours, often being shared and discussed as if they were verified official communications before authorities have the opportunity to respond.

The formatting and presentation of the fake document appear to have been sophisticated enough to convince many users of its authenticity, demonstrating the evolving sophistication of misinformation campaigns that target government institutions.

Verification importance

The ministry's response underscores the critical importance of information verification, particularly when documents claim to represent official government policy or announcements.

Government communications typically follow established protocols for release and distribution, including official letterheads, proper authorisation signatures, and distribution through verified official channels such as government websites, press releases, or authorised media briefings.

Citizens and stakeholders are encouraged to verify the authenticity of any document claiming government origin by cross-referencing with official ministry websites, contacting ministry officials directly, or waiting for official confirmation through established government communication channels.

Official channels

For accurate and reliable information about Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education policies and initiatives, the public is advised to consult official sources, including:

• The Ministry's official website and social media accounts

• Press releases distributed through official government channels

• Direct communication with Ministry offices

• Authorised government media briefings and announcements

• Official government gazette publications

The Ministry maintains established communication protocols designed to ensure that authentic policy announcements reach the public through verified and accountable channels.

Broader implications

This incident reflects a pattern of misinformation targeting government institutions in Malawi and across the region, where unauthorised documents are created and distributed to create confusion or advance particular agendas.

The sophisticated presentation of fake government documents poses challenges for both institutions and citizens, requiring increased vigilance and verification processes to distinguish authentic communications from misinformation.

Educational institutions, parents, and stakeholders in the education sector are particularly vulnerable to such misinformation, as they rely on accurate government communication to make informed decisions about educational policies and practices.

Ministry recommendations

The Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education has advised the public to exercise caution when encountering documents that claim government origin, particularly those circulating through unofficial channels.

Key recommendations include:

• Verifying document authenticity through official Ministry channels before sharing or acting on contents

• Being skeptical of documents that lack proper official formatting, signatures, or distribution protocols

• Reporting suspected fake documents to relevant authorities

• Educating others about the importance of verification before sharing government-related content on social media

Verdict

FALSE: The document circulating on social media purportedly from the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education is not authentic and does not reflect official Ministry policies or initiatives.

The Ministry has confirmed the document is unauthorised and advises the public to disregard its contents.

This case demonstrates the critical importance of verifying information before accepting or sharing documents that claim government authority.

Citizens should rely on official ministry channels for accurate information about education policies and remain vigilant against misinformation campaigns targeting government institutions.

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🧾 CLAIM: A viral poster shared on Facebook claims that former President Arthur Peter Mutharika will present his nomination papers on 28th July 2025 for the 2025 Malawi General Elections, writes Winston Mwale.

The poster, designed with Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) colours and logos, features an image of Prof. Arthur Peter Mutharika and the text:

“It’s now official! APM takes the stage this coming Monday, 28th July 2025. Nomination Day is here!”

The image was shared by Ahmad Ngausye Maloko and has been circulating widely on social media. It bears a red stamp labelled “FAKE.”

We are fact-checking the following:

Is the date “28th July 2025” an official nomination day for Arthur Peter Mutharika as announced by the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC)?

🔍 INVESTIGATION:

To verify this claim, we consulted the official schedule released by the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) and reviewed their public statement dated 22nd July 2025 titled “Confirmation of Schedule for Presentation of Presidential Nomination Papers.”

✅ FINDINGS:

According to MEC, the only valid nomination schedule was published on 21st July 2025 and has not been changed.

📣 Sangwani Mwafulirwa, Director of Media and Public Relations at MEC, clarified:

“There has been no change to the official schedule for the presentation of nomination papers by presidential candidates.”

He further warned:

“We are aware that there may be some confusion arising from unofficial communications or circulated schedules. We wish to emphasize that any updates or changes to official processes will only come directly from the Commission through its formal platforms.”

He urged all stakeholders—candidates, political parties, media and the general public—to exercise vigilance:

“Please refer only to the official schedule issued by the Commission and treat any contrary information as unofficial and unverified.”

According to MEC, Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party is scheduled to present his nomination papers at 9 a.m. on Friday, followed by independent Milward Tobias at 1:30 p.m., and Frank Mwenifumbo of the National Development Party at 3:30 p.m.

📌 CONCLUSION: FALSE

The claim that Arthur Peter Mutharika is scheduled to present his nomination papers on 28th July 2025 is FALSE.

✅ The Malawi Electoral Commission has made it clear that the 21st July 2025 schedule remains the only valid timetable, and there has been no alteration.

🔗 For accurate updates, always check:
✔️ https://mec.org.mw
✔️ MEC’s verified social media pages

🛑 Beware of misleading political content as election day approaches.

🗳️ #FactCheckMalawi | #FakeNewsAlert | #Chisankho2025 | #MECUpdates | #DPP2025
📢 Stay informed. Trust only official election sources.

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CLAIM: “Lack of access to menstrual hygiene products and facilities causes Malawian girls to miss school, exacerbating gender inequality and hindering education,” writes Tionge Hara.

This claim highlights that menstrual health challenges are contributing to school absenteeism among Malawian girls.

It suggests that stigma, limited access to sanitary products, and poor facilities are driving factors behind missed school days and broader gender inequality in education.

We fact-checked the following question:

Is it true that lack of access to menstrual hygiene products and facilities causes school absenteeism among Malawian girls and worsens gender inequality?

INVESTIGATION

To verify this claim, we reviewed credible reports from international development organisations, peer-reviewed studies, and statements from menstrual health advocates in Malawi. We consulted:

• A UNFPA Malawi report on period poverty: UNFPA – Menstrual health is a right, not a privilege

• A peer-reviewed study published on ResearchGate: Menstrual hygiene management in two districts of Malawi

• An NGO article from Yorghas Foundation: Fighting period poverty in rural schools

• Interviews with local activists, including Chimwemwe Banda from Citizen Impact Organisation (CIO) in Mzuzu.

FINDINGS

✅ There is strong evidence supporting the claim. Here’s what the evidence shows:

• According to a UNFPA Malawi report, “many girls face challenges managing menstruation, leading to absenteeism and negative impacts on education.” These include lack of access to sanitary pads, inadequate water and sanitation facilities, and societal stigma surrounding menstruation.

• A 2024 study conducted in Malawi found that:

  • 70% of schoolgirls missed classes due to menstruation—some reported missing more than 5 days per month.

  • 90.09% cited the high cost of sanitary pads as a key barrier to menstrual hygiene.

  • 75% lacked access to water and private, clean facilities during menstruation.

• Chimwemwe Banda, a menstrual health activist, confirms this societal barrier:

“As a society, we have normalized the stigma surrounding menstruation. It’s time to debunk this myth and recognize that menstruation is not a personal problem, but rather a societal issue that requires attention and support.”

• Yorghas Foundation, working in rural Malawi, also reports that the lack of menstrual hygiene support forces girls to stay home during their periods, impacting their academic progress and confidence.

📌 VERDICT: TRUE

There is clear, consistent evidence from reputable sources showing that lack of access to menstrual hygiene products and facilities significantly contributes to school absenteeism among Malawian girls.

This issue indeed reinforces gender disparities in education.

Tackling period poverty in Malawi is essential for achieving gender equality and ensuring that every girl has the opportunity to thrive in school.

As evidence shows, improving access to menstrual hygiene support is not a luxury—it’s a necessity.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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Claims circulating in Malawian communities assert that elderly women practice witchcraft, leading to physical and emotional abuse, with some victims killed in the process, writes Victor Musongole.

The narrative suggests that older women, particularly those with property or assets, are responsible for community misfortunes, including droughts and other calamities, justifying violence against them.

But are elderly women in Malawi practising witchcraft and causing all these misfortunes?

Criminal Opportunism Disguised as Cultural Belief

A systematic analysis of documented cases reveals that witchcraft accusations against elderly women are criminal acts wrapped in harmful stereotypes.

According to the Malawi Network of Older Persons' Organisations (Manepo), over 91 cases of elder abuse related to witchcraft accusations were recorded in 2024 alone.

As of July 2025, 47 cases have already been reported this year, with over 30% involving physical assault and destruction of property.

The pattern is clear: most cases target elderly women who own land and modest assets, with criminals using witchcraft accusations to justify theft of their belongings.

Evidence of systematic theft

A detailed examination of specific cases from January 2025 reveals the true motive behind these accusations:

Mary Laini, 89, of Matewere Village: Apart from assault and house demolition, attackers stole two bags of maize, her radio, and four chickens.

Eleni Laudoni, 61, of Natawa Village: The attackers took a bag of maize, seven chickens,, and five hoes.

Dalesi Richard, 75, from Richard Village: The mob seized 10 kg of maize flour, 20kg maize and soap tablets.

Eliza Master's grandmother, 78: Thieves stole a bag of fertiliser she had purchased with monetary support received days before.

Fanny Biziweki, 61, from Natawa Village: Ten chickens and other items were taken.

Upon examining these cases closely, the pattern reveals a deliberate targeting of food items, livestock, and other valuables, rather than the actions of communities genuinely concerned about supernatural practices.

Expert Analysis Confirms an Opportunistic Motive

Andrew Kavala, executive director of Malawi Network of Older Persons’ Organisations (MANEPO), explains the underlying criminal intent:

The organisation's monitoring shows that accusations are driven by jealousy and greed, with perpetrators deliberately targeting vulnerable women's belongings under the guise of superstition.

The witchcraft accusations against elderly women in Malawi are false and lack any scientific backing.

The documented evidence shows these are criminal acts motivated by opportunism, misinformation, and envy aimed at dispossessing vulnerable women of their property and resources.

As Manepo concludes, "Older persons, especially older women, are not witches."

The organisation calls for zero tolerance against these crimes and swift action from law enforcement to ensure perpetrators face the full weight of the law.

Rating: Completely False - Harmful Criminal Activity

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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A claim that urban heat islands are the cause of global warming is FALSE.

A post on X (formerly Twitter) linked to a video that claimed that global warming is caused by the sun and urban heat islands.

PesaCheck has previously shown that neither the sun, sun spots, nor anything to do with the Earth’s orbit is the cause of global warming and climate change.

Contrary to the claim, urban heat islands do not cause global warming but contribute to it.

The urban heat island effect is a phenomenon where dense urban areas are hotter than surrounding areas. This effect can be 5–10℃ hotter. The causes of this heat include buildings trapping heat, darker surfaces and concentrated emissions absorbing heat at the surface, a lack of cooling natural vegetation, and less wind.

The effect persists at night, which causes cities to be hotter than rural areas and exacerbates heatwaves in urban areas.

A study found that urban heat islands could add half the temperature increase caused by global warming on top of it as climate change gets worse.

Urban heat islands also increase the risk of heat-related mortality associated with global climate change. The intensity of the effect depends on population size and precipitation.

African cities are also sweltering because of the urban heat island effect. In East African towns, temperature contribution to regional climate from 2000 to 2020 was 0.64℃ by day and 0.34℃ at night, an average 0.25℃ increase per decade.

This means cities are hotter: Dodoma is 1℃ hotter, Kampala up to 4℃, and Khartoum 8℃.

Africa’s rapidly increasing urban populations and development mean the continent’s cities are particularly vulnerable to the urban heat island effect.

This study showed the relationship between urban density and temperature in four African cities: Lagos, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, and Lusaka.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), humans are “unequivocally” the cause of the observed global warming of 1.1°C above 1850–1900 in 2011–2020, which continues to break temperature records and is currently behind devastating heatwaves in the Northern Hemisphere.

PesaCheck has previously shown how climate change impacts extreme weather events and heatwaves.

Almost all peer-reviewed scientific literature agrees that global warming is caused by humans, principally through the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.

The world’s science academies, including those in Africa, agree about the human origins of global warming.

Climate change is already affecting human life in a variety of negative ways, such as wildfires, floods, ocean acidification, and severe weather, among others.

PesaCheck has examined a claim that urban heat islands are responsible for global warming and finds it to be FALSE.

This post is part of an ongoing series of PesaCheck fact-checks examining content marked as potential misinformation on Facebook and other social media platforms.

By partnering with Facebook and similar social media platforms, third-party fact-checking organisations like PesaCheck are helping to sort fact from fiction. We do this by giving the public deeper insight and context to posts they see in their social media feeds.

Have you spotted what you think is fake or false information on Facebook? Here’s how you can report. And, here’s more information on PesaCheck’s methodology for fact-checking questionable content.

This fact-check was written by PesaCheck climate change fact-checker Christiaan van der Merwe and edited by PesaCheck chief copy editor Stephen Ndegwa.

The article was approved for publication by PesaCheck managing editor Doreen Wainainah.

PesaCheck is East Africa’s first public finance fact-checking initiative. It was co-founded by Catherine Gicheru and Justin Arenstein, and is being incubated by the continent’s largest civic technology and data journalism accelerator: Code for Africa. It seeks to help the public separate fact from fiction in public pronouncements about the numbers that shape our world, with a special emphasis on pronouncements about public finances that shape government’s delivery of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) public services, such as healthcare, rural development and access to water / sanitation. PesaCheck also tests the accuracy of media reportage. To find out more about the project, visit pesacheck.org.

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By Winston Mwale

The Malawi Electoral Commission is recruiting for various election-related positions, including voter roll supervisors, polling clerks, election monitors, and drivers.

At least, that's according to WhatsApp messages and Facebook posts circulating since late 2024.

The message, originally written in Chichewa, appears formatted as an official MEC communication.

Many users have shared the post across social media platforms, with some adding their interest in the positions. "Finally, some opportunities for youth," one Facebook user commented.

The recruitment notice emerged during Malawi's ongoing electoral preparation activities, when public interest in election-related employment opportunities is naturally elevated.

The timing coincides with legitimate pre-election administrative preparations, making the claim particularly credible to potential job seekers.

Claims that MEC had issued this recruitment notice came amid broader discussions about electoral preparations and the need for trained personnel to support upcoming elections.

The message gained traction partly due to its professional appearance and the public's familiarity with legitimate electoral recruitment processes.

But has MEC really issued this recruitment notice?

Methodology Applied

We investigated this claim through systematic institutional verification. Our approach included direct contact with MEC's official communications channels, comprehensive review of the Commission's verified digital platforms, and cross-referencing with established recruitment protocols for electoral positions.

'No such recruitment notice'

The Malawi Electoral Commission has categorically denied issuing this recruitment announcement.

"The Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) has noted with concern the circulation of a message purporting to come from the Commission," Sangwani Mwafulirwa, Director of Media and Public Relations, stated in an official response via MEC WhatsApp community.

"We would like to inform the public that the message being shared is false and should be ignored in its entirety."

MEC issued a supplementary public advisory warning citizens on its Facebook page to "BEWARE OF FAKE ADVERT CIRCULATING ON SOCIAL MEDIA," explicitly stating that the advertisement "does not originate from MEC and contains false information intended to mislead the public."

Evidence Analysis

Our verification through multiple channels confirmed:

• No corresponding recruitment announcement exists on MEC's official website

• No record of such recruitment on verified MEC social media accounts

• No legitimate media outlets have reported on this recruitment drive

• MEC has not established any recruitment portal matching the description in the circulating message

The false recruitment notice represents a concerning pattern of institutional impersonation targeting job seekers. Such fabricated announcements pose multiple risks, including potential data harvesting, financial exploitation of vulnerable populations, and erosion of public trust in legitimate electoral processes.

Rating: FALSE

The recruitment notice claiming MEC authorization is entirely fabricated. The Commission has officially denied issuing any such announcement through multiple authoritative statements.

MEC has advised the public to rely exclusively on official channels for authentic recruitment information.

Citizens should verify all employment opportunities through established institutional platforms and report suspicious content to relevant authorities.

This case underscores the importance of source verification and the ongoing challenges of misinformation campaigns targeting employment-seeking populations during politically sensitive periods.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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In reports from various news sources across the world, including in Malawi, some cultural perspectives suggest that women and girls are unclean during menstruation, resulting in them often being excluded from their usual activities and routines during this period, writes Victor Musongole.

Several online sources confirm that girls and women face stigma and discrimination during menstruation in Malawi.

Menstruation is a natural biological process that occurs when an egg is not fertilised.

However, cultural beliefs in some communities treat menstruating women and girls as unclean, leading to their exclusion from normal activities.

Is the claim that girls and women are unclean during menstruation scientifically accurate?

We analysed research findings and consulted medical experts to examine the scientific basis of this claim.

Medical experts describe menstruation as a natural biological process that every woman or girl experiences.

Nigerian medical expert Juliana Umeh highlighted that stigma and "unclean" narratives are challenges girls and women face, not medical realities.

Additional medical experts explain that menstruation is a normal process involving different parts of the body.

Medical professionals consistently state that there is no scientific or medical basis for considering menstruating women and girls as unclean.

Verdict

False. The claim that girls and women are unclean during menstruation lacks medical and scientific backing.

Menstruation is a natural biological process, and narratives portraying it as unclean are based on misinformed and discriminatory perspectives that sideline girls and women.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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Claims that volcanic carbon dioxide emissions make the longest-running gas measurement inaccurate are FALSE.

Posts (here and here) on X (formerly Twitter) about 2025 record carbon dioxide measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, United States, were criticised by numerous replies that claimed the nearby active volcano made the measurements inaccurate.

Established in 1956, the Mauna Loa Observatory began measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide in 1958. Initially run by the US National Weather Service, it was taken over by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1974.

Pre-1958 CO₂ levels are estimated through ice core analysis. Mauna Loa hosts the world’s longest continuous CO₂ record, maintained by NOAA and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The Keeling Curve, revealing seasonal CO₂ variations, was first documented there.

Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on Earth. While eruptions release significant carbon dioxide, PesaCheck has previously shown that total volcanic emissions are far lower than human-made ones.

Does this mean Mauna Loa’s CO₂ data is unreliable? No. Several factors ensure its accuracy.

The volcano’s barren slopes lack vegetation that could interfere with measurements, and the site receives clean air from the Pacific. Additionally, Mauna Loa’s readings are corroborated by other monitoring stations.

The prevailing winds move volcanic emissions away, but when the wind is light, the emissions from the volcano cause a clear spike in readings, which is then discounted as per the example below. This phenomenon is also rare.

The NOAA has three other research stations located in Alaska, American Samoa, and the South Pole, which, together with the Mauna Loa Observatory, form a global carbon dioxide monitoring programme.

The other stations also began measuring carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the 1970s, and their data match that of the Mauna Loa Observatory.

Ironically, in 2022, an eruption did affect readings, not because of contamination but because lava destroyed roads and power infrastructure. Scientists devised emergency alternatives to continue measurements, and the observatory is operational again.

The NOAA also takes flask samples every week at 60 locations around the world, which also agree with the Mauna Loa data, as does NASA satellite data.

The latest measurement by the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory puts carbon dioxide at 427.25ppm, the highest since recordings began.

PesaCheck has examined a claim that carbon dioxide measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory are inaccurate because of its proximity to a volcano and finds it FALSE.

This post is part of an ongoing series of PesaCheck fact-checks examining content marked as potential misinformation on Facebook and other social media platforms.

By partnering with Facebook and similar social media platforms, third-party fact-checking organisations like PesaCheck are helping to sort fact from fiction. We do this by giving the public deeper insight and context to posts they see in their social media feeds.

Have you spotted what you think is fake or false information on Facebook? Here’s how you can report. And, here’s more information on PesaCheck’s methodology for fact-checking questionable content.

This fact-check was written by PesaCheck climate change fact-checker Christiaan van der Merwe and edited by PesaCheck chief copy editor Stephen Ndegwa.

The article was approved for publication by PesaCheck managing editor Doreen Wainainah.

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In an article published by African Arguments on 15 August 2023, some communities in Malawi suggested that Cyclone Freddy, which devastated the country in 2023, was caused by Napolo, a mythical giant many-headed snake believed to live in sacred pools under mountains in southern Malawi, writes Ireen Kayira.

Cyclone Freddy was an exceptionally powerful tropical cyclone that caused severe flooding, landslides, and displacement across Southern Africa in February-March 2023.

In Malawian folklore, Napolo is associated with catastrophic natural events like floods and landslides when disturbed.

Does Napolo accurately explain Cyclone Freddy's origins, or is there a scientific explanation?

We reviewed the African Arguments article, consulted World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and NOAA reports, analyzed NASA satellite imagery, and interviewed Yobu Kachiwanda, Head of Public Weather Services at Malawi's Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services.

WMO and NOAA confirm Cyclone Freddy originated as a meteorological disturbance near Australia in February 2023, becoming one of the longest-lasting tropical cyclones on record.

"Cyclone Freddy was a tropical cyclone that formed over warm ocean waters," Kachiwanda said.

"The cyclone originated in the Indian Ocean, gaining strength due to high sea surface temperatures and favourable wind patterns. Cyclones are a natural consequence of atmospheric dynamics, not supernatural forces."

NASA satellite imagery tracked Freddy's natural development from genesis to impact, showing a weather system evolving according to established meteorological principles.

No credible scientific sources support claims that Napolo or any supernatural entity caused Cyclone Freddy.

Verdict

False. There is no scientific evidence linking Napolo to Cyclone Freddy. Scientific authorities confirm that the cyclone resulted from natural atmospheric and oceanic conditions.

While Napolo holds cultural significance in interpreting disasters, it does not explain the meteorological cause of the cyclone.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

Subscribe now

Claims circulating in communities across Malawi attribute obstetric fistula to witchcraft, sexually transmitted diseases, women's "laziness" during childbirth, and husbands' infidelity, writes Tionge Hara.

These widespread misconceptions are contributing to the isolation and delayed treatment of thousands of women suffering from this preventable condition.

But what does the medical evidence show about obstetric fistula?

The Claims: Traditional Beliefs vs. Medical Reality

According to research published in "Community perceptions of obstetric fistula in Malawi," participants in the study associated the condition with:

• Witchcraft or supernatural causes

• Sexually transmitted diseases

• Women being "lazy" during labour

• Husbands' infidelity

• Permanent incurability

These beliefs have led to severe social isolation of affected women, with many suffering in silence rather than seeking medical help.

Verdict: FALSE

Medical evidence categorically refutes these traditional explanations for obstetric fistula.

The Medical Facts

Dr. Chifundo Manjawila, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Associate and District Obstetric Fistula Coordinator in Malawi, explains that obstetric fistula is caused by "neglected, prolonged, obstructed labour" - not supernatural forces or moral failings.

The condition occurs when prolonged pressure during difficult childbirth creates holes between the birth canal and bladder or rectum, causing uncontrollable leaking of urine and/or faeces.

A research paper titled "A road to obstetric fistula in Malawi" confirms that the condition is "primarily caused by a neglected, prolonged, obstructed labour."

Scale of the Problem

The 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey found that one percent (1%) of women in Malawi reported that they have experienced obstetric fistula1.

More precisely, 0.6% of women aged 15-49 surveyed in the 2015-16 MDHS stated they had experienced obstetric fistula3. This figure is derived from a total of 24,562 women surveyed in this age group.

In Malawi, only 4 out of 10 women aged 15-49 (43%) have heard of obstetric fistula. This indicates a relatively low level of awareness about the condition among women in the reproductive age group

UNFPA estimates that around 20,000 women and girls nationwide are living with the condition, with approximately 2,000 new cases documented annually.

Globally, the problem is even more staggering. According to the Global Health Training Centre, between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula each year, with more than 2 million young women living with untreated obstetric fistula in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

The Damage of Misinformation

Dr. Manjawila emphasises that "misinformation is as damaging as the injury itself." The false beliefs contribute to:

• Women not seeking medical treatment

• Social isolation and abandonment

• Delayed diagnosis and care

• Unnecessary suffering for years

Many women don't even realise they have a treatable medical condition, with some believing myths such as:

• Women who have given birth successfully are immune to fistula

• The condition has no cure

• It's a punishment for moral transgressions

The Truth About Treatment

Contrary to traditional beliefs, obstetric fistula is both preventable and treatable. In March 2025, Theatre for a Change concluded a one-week fistula awareness campaign in Nkhotakota that reached nearly 10,000 women, emphasising that treatment is available at facilities like Bwaila Health Centre in Lilongwe.

However, research showed that only 30% of residents were aware of what a fistula is, highlighting the urgent need for continued education efforts.

Why This Matters

The persistence of these myths keeps thousands of women trapped in preventable suffering. Women living with obstetric fistula face:

• Physical discomfort and health complications

• Social isolation and stigma

• Economic hardship due to inability to work

• Mental health challenges

The condition disproportionately affects women in rural areas with limited access to skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care.

Conclusion

The claims attributing obstetric fistula to witchcraft, moral failings, or supernatural causes are medically unfounded and dangerously misleading.

The condition is a well-understood birth injury caused by prolonged obstructed labour that can be prevented with proper maternal healthcare and treated with surgical repair.

Community education campaigns using interactive theatre and other culturally appropriate methods are essential to dispel these harmful myths and ensure women seek the life-changing treatment that is available to them.

*This fact-check was produced by AfricaBrief as part of the African Fact-Checking Alliance’s (AFCA) incubation programme. It was produced with peer-mentorship from Code for Africa’s fact-checking initiative, PesaCheck, with financial support from Norway.

AFCA mentorship respects the journalistic independence of the researchers, offering access to advanced techniques and tools. Editorial decision-making remains with AfricaBrief.

Want to learn more? Visit: https://factcheck.africa/

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Claim: A purported press release, allegedly from the Malawian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and dated June 13, 2025, claims that Malawi has reached a "historic agreement" with the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania to share Lake Malawi (also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania) "equally between the two nations", writes Winston Mwale.

What We Know:

An image of a document titled "Republic of Malawi Press Release" is circulating on social media platforms.

The document, which bears the Malawian government crest and is attributed to the "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lilongwe 3," is dated "13 June, 2025."

It features what appears to be an official red seal and a QR code labelled "SCAN ME".

The text of the purported press release states:
"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs would like to inform the general public that it had extensive diplomatic consultations and, in adherence to international legal frameworks, reached a historic agreement with the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania to share Lake Malawi (also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania) equally between the two nations."

It further claims this "bilateral agreement is grounded in the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)" and reflects a "shared vision for peaceful coexistence, sustainable development, and regional cooperation."

The document asserts the decision was made after "thoughtful deliberations focused on promoting peace, preserving the biodiversity of the lake, and enhancing the livelihoods of communities."

It also attempts to reassure citizens, stating: "The Government of Malawi wishes to assure all citizens that the implementation of this agreement will be carried out transparently and inclusively. Stakeholders from across the nation will be engaged to ensure that the interests of Malawians, particularly the lakeside communities, are fully protected and promoted." It acknowledges that the "development may raise important questions" but affirms that "the nation's sovereignty and the well-being of its people remain paramount."

Government Position:

Crucially, the Government of Malawi has officially disputed this document, labelling it as fake and not originating from any official government source.

This means the claims made within the purported press release regarding an agreement to share Lake Malawi equally with Tanzania are false and do not reflect any actual policy or diplomatic outcome.

Context of the Lake Malawi/Nyasa Dispute:

The sovereignty and delimitation of the border on Lake Malawi (referred to as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania) have been a long-standing and highly sensitive diplomatic issue between Malawi and Tanzania.

Malawi has historically claimed ownership of the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline, based on colonial-era agreements.

Conversely, Tanzania has maintained that the international border should run along the median line of the lake, consistent with principles often applied to shared water bodies.

Given this contentious history, any official announcement regarding the status of Lake Malawi would be of immense national and international significance.

The sensitivity of this issue makes it a target for misinformation and an area where fabricated documents can cause considerable public concern and confusion.

Why This Matters:

The circulation of such a sophisticated-looking fake document on a deeply sensitive national issue like the Lake Malawi border dispute can:

• Incite public anxiety and confusion: Malawians hold strong sentiments regarding the lake's sovereignty.

• Damage diplomatic relations: False claims of agreements can undermine trust and ongoing diplomatic efforts.

• Erode trust in official communications: Repeated exposure to fake official-looking documents can make citizens skeptical of genuine announcements.

• Potentially provoke unrest: Misinformation on such emotive topics can be exploited to stir trouble.

The inclusion of elements like an official-looking seal, a QR code, and formal language is a common tactic used to lend false credibility to fabricated documents.

Conclusion:

The purported press release dated June 13, 2025, claiming an agreement between Malawi and Tanzania to share Lake Malawi equally, is a FABRICATION.

The Malawian government has denied its authenticity. No such agreement has been announced through official channels.

Citizens are urged to rely on official government websites, verified social media accounts of government ministries, and reputable news organisations for accurate information on matters of national importance.

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